其实，我知道使用常用命令的关键在于你经常使用，熟能生巧，但问题就在于并不是经常使用，所以有必要做一些记录。
首先，如果遇到某些问题，我们知道应该到哪里查帮助。以本文为例，这里记录vim中查找和替换命令substitution的常用用法。那么，我们要知道，如果你安装vim命令时没有安装帮助，应该到网上这里来查看完整的帮助文档：
VIM在线帮助文档
另外，应该知道Substitution属于“ user_10.txt Making big changes”，具体的章节是：“|10.2| Substitution
很多时候，我们在使用查找替换命令时需要给操作指定一个范围（Range），例如从当前行开始的连续5行内。
指定范围的基本格式为：[num],[num]
例如：1,5 表示第一行到第五行
.,$ 表示当前行到最后一行
% 表示全文，相当于1,$
.,.+3 表示从当前行开始到后面的三行内。
看英文原文的解释：
4. Ex command-line ranges *cmdline-ranges* *[range]* *E16*
Some Ex commands accept a line range in front of them. This is noted as
[range]. It consists of one or more line specifiers, separated with ‘,’ or
‘;’.
The basics are explained in section |10.3| of the user manual.
*:,* *:;*
When separated with ‘;’ the cursor position will be set to that line
before interpreting the next line specifier. This doesn’t happen for ‘,’.
Examples:
4,/this line/
from line 4 till match with “this line” after the cursor line.
5;/that line/
from line 5 till match with “that line” after line 5.
The default line specifier for most commands is the cursor position, but the
commands “:write” and “:global” have the whole file (1,$) as default.
If more line specifiers are given than required for the command, the first
one(s) will be ignored.
Line numbers may be specified with: *:range* *E14* *{address}*
{number} an absolute line number
. the current line *:.*
$ the last line in the file *:$*
% equal to 1,$ (the entire file) *:%*
‘t position of mark t (lowercase) *:’*
‘T position of mark T (uppercase); when the mark is in
another file it cannot be used in a range
/{pattern}[/] the next line where {pattern} matches *:/*
?{pattern}[?] the previous line where {pattern} matches *:?*
\/ the next line where the previously used search
pattern matches
\? the previous line where the previously used search
pattern matches
\& the next line where the previously used substitute
pattern matches
Each may be followed (several times) by ‘+’ or ‘-’ and an optional number.
This number is added or subtracted from the preceding line number. If the
number is omitted, 1 is used.
The “/” and “?” after {pattern} are required to separate the pattern from
anything that follows.
The “/” and “?” may be preceded with another address. The search starts from
there. The difference from using ‘;’ is that the cursor isn’t moved.
Examples:
/pat1//pat2/ Find line containing “pat2″ after line containing
“pat1″, without moving the cursor.
7;/pat2/ Find line containing “pat2″, after line 7, leaving
the cursor in line 7.
The {number} must be between 0 and the number of lines in the file. When
using a 0 (zero) this is interpreted as a 1 by most commands. Commands that
use it as a count do use it as a zero (|:tag|, |:pop|, etc). Some commands
interpret the zero as “before the first line” (|:read|, search pattern, etc).
Examples:
.+3 three lines below the cursor
/that/+1 the line below the next line containing “that”
.,$ from current line until end of file
0;/that the first line containing “that”, also matches in the
first line.
1;/that the first line after line 1 containing “that”
Some commands allow for a count after the command. This count is used as the
number of lines to be used, starting with the line given in the last line
specifier (the default is the cursor line). The commands that accept a count
are the ones that use a range but do not have a file name argument (because
a file name can also be a number).
Examples:
:s/x/X/g 5 substitute ‘x’ by ‘X’ in the current line and four
following lines
:23d 4 delete lines 23, 24, 25 and 26
Folds and Range
When folds are active the line numbers are rounded off to include the whole
closed fold. See |fold-behavior|.
Reverse Range *E493*
A range should have the lower line number first. If this is not the case, Vim
will ask you if it should swap the line numbers.
Backwards range given, OK to swap
This is not done within the global command “:g”.
You can use “:silent” before a command to avoid the question, the range will
always be swapped then.
Count and Range *N:*
When giving a count before entering “:”, this is translated into:
:.,.+(count - 1)
In words: The ‘count’ lines at and after the cursor. Example: To delete
three lines:
3:d is translated into: .,.+2d
Tags: linux, range, substitution, vim
